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1 STELA
* * *(stel; stal, stálum; stolinn), v. to steal, with dat.; s. e-u frá e-m, to steal from one; s. e-n e-u, to rob one of (s. e-n eign sinni); áss er stolinn hamri, Thor is robbed of his hammer;refl., stelast at e-m or á e-n, to steal upon, attack one unawares; s. frá e-m, to steal away from; recipr., stelast frá, to steal from one another.* * *(stel, stell, Js. 128), pret. stal, stalt, stálu; subj. stæli; imperat. stel, steldú; part. stolinn: [a common Teut. word]:—to steal, with dat. (stela e-u), Eg. 237, Boll. 350, Nj. 74, N. G. L. i. 82; stela stuld, to commit a theft, 83: the phrase, hann stelr öllu sem steini er léttara, he steals whatever is lighter than stone, of a thorough thief.2. with acc. to bereave, rob a person; várr skal engi annann stela, N. G. L. i. 81; stela mik (acc.) eign minni, to rob me of my property. Boll. 350; nú er maðr stolinn fé sínu, Gpl. 539.II. reflex., stelask, to steal in or upon; stelask at e-m, to steal upon, attack a person unawares, Lv. 47; berjask um ljósa daga en stelask eigi at þeim um nætr, Fms. vii. 296; hvárigir stælisk á aðra, ix. 489, v. l.; stelask á e-n, id., Fas. i. 144, Al. 158.2. recipr., stelask frá, to steal from one another, Sturl. i. 173. 3. stolinn; með stolinni hendi, with a stolen, thievish hand, Js. 24. -
2 SVIPTA
* * *I)(-pta, -ptr), v.1) to throw, fling (hón svipti honum á herðar sér); s. borðum, to remove the tables; s. e-u ofan, to sweep off, knock down (þeir sviptu ofan öllum goðunum af stöllunum); bjarndýrit svipti honum undir sik, the bear got him under;2) to reef (veðr óx í hönd ok bað Bjarni þá s.); s. seglunum, to reef the sails; s. til eins rifs, to take in all reefs but one;3) to strip, deprive, s. e-n e-u (hann sviptir hana faldinum); also, s. e-n af e-u (s. e-n af sínum hlut);4) refl., sviptast, to tug, wrestle (tókust þeir konungr í hendr ok sviptust fast).f. loss (hann kvað sér sviptu at þeira skilnaði).* * *t, [cp. svipr, svipa; Engl. swift], to pull quickly; hón svipti (sweeped, swept) at mötli sínum, Fs. 60; hón svipti honum á herðar sér, 623. 36; svipta e-u ofan, to sweep off, knock down, Fms. ii. 45; svipti hón söðli af svöngum jó, Og. 3; s. ofan forfallinu, Konr.; er hann svipti honum Svarti, gave him a shaking, Fs. 140; þat (the bear) svipti honum undir sik, 149; s. undir sik tjaldinu, Fms. vii. 114; hann svipti undir hönd sér einum litlum gullbaug, Edda 72; s. e-u undan e-m, to strip one of it, Sks. 682.2. to strip, deprive; svipta e-n e-u, to strip one of a thing; hann sviptir hana faldinum, strips her of her hood, Nj. 131: to deprive one of, s. e-n e-u, this sense is freq. in mod. usage; syptir (i. e. sviptir) riddaratign, stripped, bereft of, 623. 30; sviptir sæmdum, Ld. 164.3. a naut. term, to reef, (Dan. svigte, gt = ft); svipta af handrifi, Ó. H. 182, Fms. iii. 44; s. seglunum, to reef the sails, Fas. i. 138; þeir tóku veðr stór, ok vildu margir minnka sigling ok svipta, Fms. vii. 67; veðr óx í hönd ok bað Bjarni þá svipta, Fb. i. 432; skal engi… sigla fyrir mér né ek vilja svipta fyrr en þeir, Fms. v. 337; svipta til eins rifs, to take in all reefs but one, ix. 21.II. recipr. to tug, wrestle; sviptask fast, Fms. i. 306, iii. 224. -
3 svipta
* * *I)(-pta, -ptr), v.1) to throw, fling (hón svipti honum á herðar sér); s. borðum, to remove the tables; s. e-u ofan, to sweep off, knock down (þeir sviptu ofan öllum goðunum af stöllunum); bjarndýrit svipti honum undir sik, the bear got him under;2) to reef (veðr óx í hönd ok bað Bjarni þá s.); s. seglunum, to reef the sails; s. til eins rifs, to take in all reefs but one;3) to strip, deprive, s. e-n e-u (hann sviptir hana faldinum); also, s. e-n af e-u (s. e-n af sínum hlut);4) refl., sviptast, to tug, wrestle (tókust þeir konungr í hendr ok sviptust fast).f. loss (hann kvað sér sviptu at þeira skilnaði).* * *u, f. a loss; hann kvað sér sviptu at þeirra skilnaði, Fs. 20. -
4 RÆNA
* * *(-ta, -tr), v. to rob, plunder, to deprive (one) of (a thing).* * *1.d, and mod. t, [rán], to rob, plunder, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing, Eg. 81, 85, Orkn. 94, Fms. i. 28, 151. Nj. 53, Ld. 102, K. Á. 50, Fas. ii. 521, and passim.2.u, f., qs. rœna (?), [prob. akin to rún, a corruption from the old rýni, q. v.]:—consciousness, one’s senses, esp. as a medic, term; vera með fullri rænu, hafa ráð og rænu, to have one’s full senses; halda rænu fram í andlát. rænu-lauss, adj. insensible; mállaus og r., of a sick person, rænu-leysi, n. a state of insensibility, torpor. -
5 SINN
I)(sín, sitt), poss. pron. his, her, its, their;1) referring to the subj. in a sentence, Hallgerðr fastnaði dóttur sína, H. betrothed her daughter;Hrútr var harðráðr við úvini sína, H. was stern towards his foes;2) referring to the object;hvat vill Haraldr bjóða Nóregs konungi fyrir sitt starf, what will H. offer to the king of Norway for his (viz. the latter’s) trouble? Sigurðr jarl gaf upp Orkneyingum óðul sín, their odals;hann þakkar honum sitt sinni, he thanks him for his help;3) neut. as subst.;kostaði hann einn allt fyrir, en bœndr ekki af sínu, nothing of their own;allt mun þat sínu fran fara um aldr manna, it will all go its own course to a man’s life;4) with sjálfr both words are declined;þeir báðu hana taka sjálfrar sinnar ráð, they bade her take her own counsel;tók sitt langskip hvárr þeira, each of the two took a long ship;sinn vetr þá hvárr heimboð at öðrum, they visited each other, winter about;sínu sinni at hvárs búum, alternately on each other’s estates;sinn veg hvárr, one each way;þykkir nökkut sinn veg hváru, each took his own view of the matter;ferr sinn veg hverr um skóginn, they (all) went each his own way in the wood;skulu vaka sinn þriðjung nætr hverir tveir, two and two in turn.n. time;eitt sinn, einu sinni, one time, once (þat var eitt sinn, at Egill gekk til elda at verma sik);eitthvert sinn, einhverju sinni = eitt sinn, einu sinni;einhverju sinni bar svá til, at, one time it happened that;ekki sinn, engu sinni, never;aldri sinn, never more (aldri skaltu koma í mína rekkju sinn síðan);þat sinn, that time;þessu sinni, this time;(í) annat sinn, öðru sinni, a second time, again;hit fyrra sinn, the first time;hit þriðja sinn, for the third time;at sinni, for the present (þeir skilja tal sitt at sinni);um sinn, once (veg þú aldri meirr í inn sama knérunn en um sinn);for this one time (ek mun leysa þik ór vandræði þessu um sinn);um sinns sakir, for this once (eigi vil ek synja þér um sinns sakir þessa);dat. pl., sjau sinnum, seven times;endr ok sinnum, now and then, from time to time;nökkurum sinnum, several times.* * *sín, sitt, pron. possess. reflex.; the better and true form is sínn, sín, sítt, with í throughout, see the remarks on minn; [Ulf. seins, etc.]:—his, hers, its, theirs = Lat. suus, usually placed after, but also, if emphatic, before; þar sitr Sigyn um sínum ver, Vsp. 39; síns um freista frama, Hm. 2; mál síns maga, 20; síns ins heila hugar, síns ins svára sofa, 105: properly referring to the subject in a sentence, Hallgerðr fastnaði dóttur sína, H. gave away her daughter. Nj. 51; Hrútr var hagráðr við vini sína, 2; hann skipaði sínum mónnum, 50; þeir leiða hesta sína, 265; hann kvaddi Ólaf stjúpson sinn til at söðla sér hest, Ó. H. 15; síðan vóru honum öll ráð sín þungrærð ok torsótt, 195; var honum sjálfum hugr sinn bæði fyrir skjöld ok brynju, Fbr. 56 new Ed. The pronoun may also refer to the object, or, in a complex sentence, to a second person in the predicate of the sentence, hvat vill Haraldr bjóða Noregs konungi fyrir sitt starf, what will H. offer to the king of Norway for his (i. e. the Norse king’s) trouble? Fms. vi. 415; Sigurðr jarl gaf upp Orkneyingum óðul sín (their odals), Orkn. 20, cp. the Lat. ‘Syracusanis res suas restituit;’ sagði Dufþakr at Ormr skyldi hafa byrði sína, i. e. as much as O. could carry, Fb. i. 523; eigi þér at bæta prestinum rétt sinn, to the priest his due, Bs. i. 709; Eyjólfr þakkar konungi gjafir sínar ok vinmæli for his (the king’s) gifts, Lv. 112; hann þakkar honum sitt sinni, he thanks him for his help, Fas. ii. 542: so also in mod. writers, og hann gaf hann aptr sinni móður, Luke vii. 15 (Vídal.); ræn ei Guð Sínum rétti, rob thou not God of his right, Pass. 7. 11, and passim.II. neut. as subst.; allt mun þat sínu fram fara ( go its own course) um aldr manna, Nj. 259; ryðik hann um sitt, = Lat. pro virili, i. e. for his own part, with might and main, Fms. xi. 132: ellipt., hann segir sínar (viz. farar) eigi sléttar, Korm. 158; kom hann svá sinni (viz. ár) fyrir borð, Fas. i. 524.III. with sjálfr, both words are declined; skaða sjálfs síns, one’s own self’s scathe, Sks. 228 B; minni sjálfs síns, one’s own recollection, D. N. ii. 110; þeir báðu hana taka sjálfrar sinnar ráð. ‘take her own self’s rede,’ act for herself, Fms. x. 103; með höndum sjálfra sinna, Barl. 25; leggr hón í veð sjálfra sinna eignir, D. N. ii. 82; sakir óforsjó sálfra sinna, i. 107: in mod. usage both the possessive and the indeclinable forms are used, thus, sjálfs síns eignum, but if placed after, eignum sjálfs sín; the possessive however is more freq., as it also is the better form of the two.IV. with hvárr (dual), hverr (plur.), in a distributive sense:α. sinn-hverr in n purely distributive sense; tók sitt langskip ‘hvárr þeirra, they took a long ship, each of the two, Eg. 74; England ok Skotland er ein ey, ok er þó sitt hvárt konungs-ríki, England and Scotland are one island, and yet each is a separate kingdom, Symb. 14: lét sitt naut hvárr fram leiða, Eg. 506; sinn vetr þá hvúrr heimboð at öðrum, each his winter, alternately, Nj. 51; ef sinn lögsögu-mann vilja hvárir, Grág. i. 1; þeirra manna er tví-tyngðir eru ok hafa í sínum hváptinum hvára tunguna, Al. 4; hón hélt sinni hendi um háls hvárum þeirra, … liggi til sinnar handar mér hvárr ykkar, Fms. i. 9.β. sinn hverr (plur.), ferr sinn veg hverr um skóginn, they went each his own way in the wood, i. e. dispersed, Glúm. 329; skulu vaka sinn þriðjung nætr hverir tveir, two and two in turn, Fms. iv. 299; hann selr sína bolöxi í hendr hverjum þeirra, v. 288; hann sá þrjú hásæti ok sátu þrír menn, sinn í hverju, Edda 2; hann kastaði um öxl hverja sínum sauðum tveimr, Grett. 134 new Ed.; fór sinn veg hverr, they went each his own way, i. e. they parted; but, fór hverr sinn veg, each his (appointed) way: rarely with the possessive placed after, fóru hvárir leið sína, Nj. 34; fara hvárir til síns heima, Korm. 222. In mod. usage, when sinn is placed after hverr, it gives emphasis with the notion of one’s due, one’s own, thus, gefa hverjum sitt, to give every one his due, Lat. suum cuique; whereas ‘sitt hverjum,’ with the order reversed, is merely distributive; thus hver fékk sinn penning, Matth. xx. 9 (of wages due to each); whereas ‘fékk sinn pening hverr’ would be said of alms distributed.B. COMPDS: sinn-veg, sinn-eg, sinn-ig, adv. one each way; þykkir nokkut sinnveg hváru, they disagreed, Ld. 90; talaði annarr at öðrum, ok hóf sinneg; hverr, they all spoke in turn, and each began his speech differently, Fms. vii. 222. Also, sinns-ig, adv.; flýði sinnsig hverr, Fms. viii. 413, v. l.; sinnsiginn var litr hvers steins, Konr.; skildu þeir svá sínu tali, at sinnsiginn líkaði hverjum, Bs. (Laur.); segir svá Gregorius papa, at sinnsig á hvern á at minna, each has to be admonished in his own way, one this way, another that, 655 xi. 2. -
6 GRÍPA
* * *(gríp; greip, gripurn; gripinn), v.1) to grasp, seize (hann greip sverð sitt á skjöld);2) to seize upon (grípa góz fyrir mönnum);3) with preps.:grípa á e-u, to catch hold of (H. greip á stafni);grípa á kýlinu, to touch upon a sore place;grípa til e-s, to seize (grípa til sverðsins);greip hundrinn til hans, the dog snapped at him;grípa upp, to catch up (Loki greip upp mikla stöng);grípa við orði, to commence speaking.* * *greip, gripu, gripit, [Ulf. greipan = κρατειν, λαμβάνειν; A. S. grîpan; Engl. grip, gripe, grapple; O. H. G. grîfan; Germ. greifen; Swed. gripa; Dan. gribe]:—to grasp, seize:1. with the notion of suddenness or violence; hann greip skjöld sinn ok sverð, Ó. H. 117; konungr greip til sverðs þess er stóð hjá honum, Fms. i. 16, vi. 159; Egill kastaði þegar niðr horninu, en greip sverðit ok brá, Eg. 215; Egill greip þá skjótt meðalkafla sverðsins, 379; síðan greip hann til Egils, 192; hann greip upp Þórð ok keyrði niðr, id.; Ormr grípr þá í móti fleininum, Fb. i. 530; hann greip upp beiti-ásinn ok barði með, 491; hann greip til hans ( the dog snaps at him) um sinn ok reif kviðinn, Fms. ii. 174; hann grípr nárann, Anal. 122.2. to capture, seize; gripinn, and gripinn höndum, captured, Hom. 131, Pass. 6. 12, 9. 1, 11. 1.β. to seize upon, rob; þat er mér sagt at þú farir heldr óspaklega ok grípir fyrir mönnum góðs sitt, Grett. 130 (grip-deildir).γ. to grasp; hann greip á stafni, Hým. 27.3. phrases, grípa gulli á við e-n, to coax one; at svá þykki ( lest it shall seem) at ek grípa gulli á við þá, Nj. 6; ok gríp nú gulli á við konunginn, ok lát sem þú þykisk þar allt eiga er konungrinn er, Fms. xi. 112; grípa á kýlinu, to touch upon the sore place; Eysteinn konungr svarar, nú greiptu á kýlinu því er ek hugða at fyrir löngu myndi springa, vii. 121: grípa í tómt, to grasp the air (cp. when the bird is flown): grípa á e-u, to decide; hann kvaðsk ekki mundu svá skjótt grípa á slíku, he said he would take time to consider, xi. 362.4. medic. of fits or sickness, to seize upon; þitt geð grípi, seize thy senses (of insanity)! Skm.; þá var hann gripinn af æði mikilli, 623. 12.II. metaph. to understand, very rare and borrowed from Lat. comprehendere, Sks. 559 C, Eluc. 21: in mod. usage, to grasp, encompass with the mind; but nema, to learn.III. reflex., grípask þeir þá til ( they grasped at one another) ok glíma lengi, Fb. i. 530. -
7 ÚLFR
(-s, -ar), m. wolf; ala e-m úlfa, to breed wolves for one, plan mischief (spyr ek þat frá, at Danir muni enn ala oss úlfa); fig. enemy.* * *m., úlf-gi, Ls. 39; [Ulf. wulfs; A. S. and Hel. wulf; Engl.-Germ. wolf; North. E. Ulf-, in pr. names, Ulpha, Ulverston; Dan.-Swed. ulv; cp. Lat. lupus and vulpes; Gr. λύκος]:—a wolf, Grág. ii. 122; lýsa þar vígi, … kallask hvárki úlfr né björn nema svá heiti hann, N. G. L. i. 6l; úlfa þytr mér þótti íllr vera hjá söngvi svana, Edda (in a verse); úlfa hús, wolf-pits, Gþl. 457: freq. in poets, where ‘to feed the wolf,’ ‘cheer the wolf’ are standing phrases, see Lex. Poët.: a warrior is hence called úlf-brynnandi, -gæðandi, -grennir, -nestir, -seðjandi, -teitir, i. e. the refresher, cheerer, … gladdener of the wolf; úlf-vín, wolf’s wine, i. e. blood, Lex. Poët.2. sayings, fæðisk úlfr í skógi, the wolf is born in the wood, Mkv.; etask af úlfs munni, and úlfar eta annars eyrindi, see eta (2. δ); eigi hygg ek okkr vera úlfa dæmi, at vér mynim sjálfir um sakask, Hðm. 30; fangs er ván at frekum úlfi, see fang (III. 4); auðþekktr er úlfr í röð; þar er mér úlfs ván er ek eyru sé’k, I know the wolf when I see the ears, Fm. 35, Finnb. 244; hafa úlf undir bægi, evidently from the fable of the wolf in sheep’s clothes; sem úlfr í sauða dyn, Sd. 164; ala e-m úlfa, to breed wolves to one, brood over evil; spyr ek þat frá, at Danir muni enn ala oss úlfa, Fms. viii. 303, Kormak; sýna úlfs ham, to appear to a person in a wolf’s skin, i. e. savagely; eigi heldr þykkisk eg honum eðr öðrum fátækum prestum þann úlfs ham sýnt hafa, at þeir megi eigi mér opinbera neyð sína, H. E. iii. 438 (in a letter of bishop Gudbrand); hafa úlfs hug við e-n, má vera at Guðrúnu þykki hann úlfs hug við okkr hafa, Fas. i. 211; skala úlf ala ungan lengi, Skv. 3. 12; annas barn er sem úlf at frjá, Mkv.; úlfr er í ungum syni, Sdm. 35: for legends of were-wolves cp. Völs. S. ch. 8.3. úlfa þytr, howling; þær báðu honum ílls á móti, var inn mesti úlfa þytr ( wailing) til þeirra at heyra, Grett. 98; finnr Sigmundr menn ok lét úlfs röddu, Fas. i. 131; úlfum líkir þykkja allir þeir sem eiga hverfan hug, Sól. 31.II. in poets, wolves are the ‘steeds’ on which witches ride through the air during the night, Edda. At nightfall wizards were supposed to change their shape, hence the nickname kveld-úlfr, evening wolf, of a were-wolf; in Icel. the fretful mood caused by sleepiness in the evening is called kveld-úlfr; thus the ditty, Kveldúlfr er kominn hér | kunnigr innan gátta | sólin líðr sýnisk mér | senn er mál að hátta, Icel. Almanack 1870; or, Kveldúlfr er kominn í kerlinguna mína, the evening wolf has entered my child, a lullaby, Sveinb. Egilsson’s Poems, cp. en dag hvern er at kveldi kom, þá görðisk hann styggr, svá at fáir menn máttu orðum við hann koma; hann var kveld-svæfr, þat var mál manna at hann væri mjök hamramr, hann var kallaðr Kveldúlfr, Eg. ch. 1. In the mythology there is the wolf Fenrir, Edda; whence Úlfs-bági, the ‘Wolf’s foe’ = Odin, Stor.; Úlfs-faðir, the Wolf’s father = Loki, Ls.: mock suns were imagined to be wolves persecuting the sun, Gm. 37; hence in popular Icel., úlfa-kreppa, u, f. ‘wolf-strait,’ when the sun is surrounded by four mock suns (sól í úlfa kreppu), Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 658.III. freq. in pr. names, Úlfr, Úlfarr, Úlf-hamr, Úlf-héðinn, Úlf-ljótr, Úlf-kell; women, Úlf-hildr, Úlf-eiðr, Úlf-rún; esp. as the latter part in men’s names, being then sounded (and often spelt) -ólfr, Ás-ólfr, Auð-ólfr, Bót-ólfr, Brynj-ólfr, Björg-ólfr, Eyj-ólfr, Grím-ólfr, Ing-ólfr, Ís-ólfr, Herj-ólfr, Þór-ólfr, Þjóð-ólfr, Stein-ólfr, Rún-ólfr, Ljót-ólfr, Örn-ólfr, Móð-úlfr, etc.: contracted are, Snjólfr = Snæ-úlfr, Hrólfr = Hróð-úlfr, Sjólfr = Sæ-úlfr, Bjólfr = Bý-úlfr = A. S. Beowulf (Bee-wolf, i. e. honey-thief, a name of the bear, from popular tales, in which the bear, being fond of honey, is made to rob hives; the name has of late been thus explained by Mr. Sweet).
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